말레이시아 이슬람교도에게 개종의 자유는 있는가. 말레이시아 전체 인구 2600만 중 과반을 넘는 말레이계는 출생 즉시 무슬림으로 인정되는 상황입니다. 말레이시아의 한 여성이 종교를 이슬람에서 크리스트교로 바꾸겠다고 밝히고 연방 법원의 최종 판결을 기다리고 있습니다. 이번 판결은 개인의 종교 자유에 대한 영향뿐 아니라 말레이시아 정치와 문화에 미치는 파급 영향도 클 것으로 보입니다.
푸트라자야에 있는 연방 법원
종교의 자유가 일상화돼 있는 현대사회에서 자신의 종교를 바꾸는 것까지 법원의 판결을 받아야한다는 것에 황당하다는 반응이 나올 법합니다. 그러나 문화의 상대성 측면에서 잠시 살피고 넘어갈 필요가 있을 것 같습니다. 
사실 우리나라처럼 종교의 역동성이 강한 나라에서는 이해하지 못할 일일지도 모릅니다. 사족입니다만 세계 종교연구자들이 한국의 종교 실상을 보고 많이 놀란다고 합니다. 부부와 부자와 모녀가 제각기 종교가 다르고, 또 기독교의 전파와 동학의 발달에서 보듯 종교의 수용성과 자생적인 능력이 어느 나라보다 더 활기차 큰 특징을 보인다고 합니다. 그런 입장에서 말레이시아의 상황을 이해하기 쉽지는 않을 것입니다.
소송을 낸 주인공은 무슬림 집안에서 태어난 ‘리나 조이’(Lina Joy)라는 42세 여성입니다. 무슬림의 자손은 당연히 무슬림이 되는 관례에서 Joy에게 어떤 판결이 내려질지 말레이시아 전체가 주목하고 있습니다. 판결의 요체는 말레이시아에서 무슬림 교도의 개종을 인정하느냐 여부에 달려있습니다. 법원의 판결에는 다민족 국가인 말레이시아의 상황도 고려될 것으로 보입니다.
그러나 결과가 어떻든 무슬림과 비무슬림의 서로 다른 욕구를 충족해 줘야 하는 정부로서는 고민이 될 수밖에 없는 상황입니다.
Joy는 원래 ‘아즐리나 자일라니’(Azlina Jailani)라는 이슬람 이름을 가졌으나 26살 때 기독교도가 되기로 결심했던 여성입니다. 정부는 1999년 그녀의 주민등록증 이름을 Lina Joy로 바꾸는 것은 허가했지만 그녀의 종교는 이슬람교로 아직 기재돼 있습니다. 이슬람법에 따라 그녀는 종교가 이슬람으로 기재돼 있으면 비무슬림교도와 결혼할 수 없습니다. 물론 헌법에 종교의 자유는 인정되고 있지만 이슬람법인 샤리야에 따르면 이슬람교를 믿지 않으면 벌금을 내거나 징역형에 처해집니다.
결국 이번 판결은 정치적인 화약고의 뇌관이 될 수 있다는 분석입니다. 개종을 허용하면 말레이계의 반발을 부를 게 뻔하고, 이는 결국 말레이계에 대한 우대정책에도 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이기 때문입니다.
그렇다고 개종을 불허하면 개인의 종교 자유마저 국가가 관리한다는 비무슬림들의 격한 반발을 불러일으킬 것을 보입니다. 물론 이슬람교도들은 Joy에게 개종 허가 판결이 내려질 가능성을 아주 낮게 보고 있습니다. 피하고 싶은 골치 아픈 재판에 직면한 말레이시아의 법원 판결을 지켜 볼 필요가 있습니다. balipark
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